Result: Ultrasound monitoring shows that ICU patients lose quadriceps muscle mass rapidly, especially during the first 2–3 weeks, emphasizing the critical window for early physical medicine interventions.

Result: While dynamometric trunk tests are common, learning effects limit their value for tracking progress; the simple Biering-Sørensen endurance test offers superior diagnostic accuracy and reliability.

Result: In long-term ICU patients, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied to the knee extensors for four weeks helped reverse muscle wasting, showing a 4.9% increase in muscle thickness.

Result: Medical training therapy (MTT) shows moderate evidence for reducing pain and improving function in chronic low back pain, but more high-quality trials are needed to compare it directly to other exercise therapies.

Result: This study identifies key ICF categories for peripheral arterial disease, linking physiological markers to muscle endurance, and patient-reported quality of life to emotional and daily functional factors.

Result: Muscle atrophy in elite beach volleyball players may stem from biomechanical factors rather than true suprascapular neuropathy, as electrophysiological testing of symptomatic athletes showed no nerve lesions.

Result: Post-ICU early rehabilitation on general wards is safe and may reduce hospital stay and costs, first signs for the effectiveness of early rehabilitation.

Result: Severe burn injuries trigger long-term bone loss and microstructural deterioration that persist for up to 24 months, highlighting the need for early bone-protective strategies during rehabilitation.

Result: Even as physical function improves after lung transplantation, persistent abnormalities in biomarkers like myostatin highlight the ongoing need for targeted, long-term musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

Result: Patients with dermatomyositis exhibit altered biochemical markers of muscle and bone metabolism alongside functional deficits, highlighting the need for targeted, multi-modal rehabilitation.