A disc herniation means disc material has shifted. Symptoms usually begin only when a nerve
root is mechanically compressed, chemically irritated, or both. The key question is not MRI
size alone, but whether symptoms, neurological findings and imaging match at the same level.

Hand osteoarthritis is more than cartilage wear. Pain often comes from flare activity,
subchondral bone and impaired grip mechanics. The clinical task is to distinguish true OA
from rheumatic disease, crystal arthropathy, tendon problems or nerve entrapment — then
rebuild function instead of treating the X-ray alone.

Post-infectious fatigue is not one uniform condition. Common drivers include PEM,
dysautonomia, sleep disruption, persistent immune activation and overlapping deficiencies or
comorbidities. The key is structured phenotyping, red-flag screening and measurable
progression — with crash prevention when needed, not activation at any price.

Bone marrow edema is an MRI signal, not a diagnosis by itself. It often reflects bone stress,
remodeling and healing activity. The key clinical task is not panic over the image, but
accurate pattern recognition: stress reaction, insufficiency fracture, osteochondral lesion,
AVN, or something more serious.

The first weeks after surgery often decide the later outcome. This phase is not about
aggressive training. It is about protocol-safe progression: swelling control, range of motion,
full extension, activation, gait and confidence. If those early barriers are missed, later rehab
becomes much harder than it needed to be.

Non-recovery means the surgery may have worked structurally, but pain, ROM, strength or
function remain stuck. Common barriers include arthrofibrosis, scar restriction, persistent
effusion, AMI, maladaptive loading, tendinopathy overlap, neuropathic patterns, CRPS or
central sensitization. The key is reassessment and bottleneck logic, not endless repetition.

Tendinopathy is usually not a classic inflammation problem. It is a load-and-adaptation
problem. Typical features are start-up pain, load pain and reduced tolerance. The key is
pattern recognition, staging and a progressive rehab logic — not endless rest and not random
return to activity.